dataset-opencompass/data/mmlu/test/high_school_geography_test.csv

1	The main factor preventing subsistence economies from advancing economically is the lack of	a currency.	a well-connected transportation infrastructure.	government activity.	a banking service.	B
2	The tendency for a population to continue to grow long after replacement fertility has been achieved is called	zero population growth.	rapid growth rate.	homeostatic plateau.	demographic momentum.	D
3	The tendency for migration to decrease with distance is called	push factors.	pull factors.	distance decay.	migration selectivity.	C
4	Which zone contains low-income slums, ethnic ghettos, and general deterioration in Burgess's concentric zone model of urban form?	First	Second	Third	Fourth	A
5	Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning women in the labor force?	Most women work in agriculture	The percentage of women economically active in the labor force declined worldwide	The percentage of women in the total labor force declined	Women spend more hours per day working than men in all regions except Anglo America and Australia	D
6	All the following factors can be considered pull factors of migration EXCEPT	safety.	better climate.	better schools.	overcrowding.	D
7	Which of the following countries does NOT have a well-known example of a relict boundary?	Vietnam	United Kingdom	Germany	Bolivia	D
8	Which form of migration below are farm workers from another country most likely to be practicing during the year?	Chain migration	Cluster migration	Circular migration	International migration	C
9	Which of the following is a centrifugal force in a country?	Religious differences	A national holiday	An attack by another country	A charismatic national leader	A
10	Early settlements and high population density along coastlines and rivers are best attributed to which of the following?	Mediterranean climate	Limited forest cover	Growth of manufacturing	Access to trade routes	D
11	The first stage of the demographic transition exhibits	high birth rates with high but fluctuating death rates.	declining birth rates with continuing high death rates.	low birth rates with continuing high death rates.	high birth rates with declining death rates.	A
12	What is the population statistic that tells us the level of fertility at which a population will have just enough births to replace parents and compensate for early deaths?	Crude birth rate	Replacement level	Mortality rate	Total fertility rate	B
13	What is the most rapidly growing religion in the United States today?	Islam	Christianity	Hinduism	Buddhism	A
14	The outlying area serviced by a urban center is referred to as a	redline area.	threshold.	range.	hinterland.	D
15	The best definition of an urban area is	the central city and its developed areas.	the central city and its surrounding suburbs.	the central city and its hinterlands.	the central city and the adjacent counties.	B
16	Which of the following religions developed first?	Buddhism	Christianity	Islam	Hinduism	D
17	Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of world cities?	World cities contain the headquarters of many transnational corporations.	World cities are well connected to secondary-level world cities.	World cities contain many offices of multinational organizations.	World cities are found only in the northern and western hemispheres.	D
18	Which type of transportation system created the star-shaped city pattern?	Highways to airports that link cities	Interstate highways that link cities	Beltways around cities	Streetcar and trolley lines extending from the CBD	D
19	In which urban US setting below would you expect to find planned communities?	Ghettos	Suburbs	CBDs	Transition zones	B
20	The latitude and longitude coordinates of a place are an example of	a formal region.	a functional region.	an absolute location.	a relative location.	C
21	The voluntary association of three or more countries willing to give up some measure of sovereignty is called	nationalism.	devolution.	supranationalism.	complementarity.	C
22	The key factor Thomas Malthus failed to recognize in his population theory was	population is limited by their means of subsistence.	all populations have the potential to increase more than the actual rate of increase.	wars and famine inhibit population's reproductive capacity.	technology's ability to raise the Earth's carrying capacity.	D
23	Which pair of religions are both universalizing religions?	Islam and Judaism	Judaism and Buddhism	Hinduism and Buddhism	Christianity and Buddhism	D
24	Which urban model theorizes that high-rent residential areas grow outward from the center of the city along major highways with lower-rent inhabitants taking over sequentially?	Concentric zone model	Central place model	Urban realms model	Sector model	D
25	When a country combines its religion with its government, it is called a	dictatorship.	theocracy.	democracy.	autocracy.	B
26	What is the chief religion practiced in Europe?	Christianity	Islam	Hinduism	Animism	A
27	Which group enacted the first effective settlement in the eastern United States?	French	British (English, Scotch-Irish, Welsh, Scottish)	Russian	Chinese	B
28	A population pyramid, or age-sex structure, displays all the following information about a country's population EXCEPT	future social spending needs of the population.	the impact of "baby booms" on the population.	the impact of wars on the population.	a quick visual depiction of the country's demographics.	B
29	The Rhine River is an example of which type of boundary?	Geometric	Artificial	Natural	Relict	C
30	Which type of economic activity is most closely tied to the physical environment?	Primary	Secondary	Tertiary	Quaternary	A
31	The majority of workers in periphery countries are probably employed in which type of activities?	Primary	Secondary	Tertiary	Quaternary	A
32	All of the following are non-basic jobs in the city EXCEPT	city firefighter.	social worker.	dry cleaner.	garment factory worker.	D
33	Transnational corporations distribute their operations	manufacturing goods where production costs are the highest.	conducting accounting and research services where economical.	based on comparative advantage.	with headquarters located in LDCs.	C
34	Which of the following is LEAST associated with the development of alluvial landscapes?	A deep cover of loose materials	A predominance of gentle slopes	Frequent flooding	Deep dissection and erosion	D
35	Which of the following is LEAST self-sufficient in the natural resources needed for modern industry?	United States	Japan	France	United Kingdom	B
36	One of the effects of the east–west orientation of the Alpine mountain system and the northern plains of western and central Europe is that it	limits the marine climate of Europe to coastal areas	provides a corridor for communication between southern and northern Europe	enables marine-like climatic conditions to extend eastward into Germany and Poland	effectively prevents population movement between parts of the Mediterranean region	C
37	The largest Hindu temple complex ever constructed is found in	Calcutta.	Bombay.	Cambodia.	Bali.	C
38	Which term describes the forces that unify and strengthen a country?	Diffusion	Centrifugal	Centripetal	Ethnocentric	C
39	Which one of the following statements best describes an application of the S-curve?	Graph of the Bantu migration	Graph of the growth of human populations since their first appearance on Earth	The chart showing how cities associate with one another based on their population sizes	A model showing the decrease in population growth for several countries after they industrialize	D
40	Which of the following items is NOT a challenge to the state?	Transnational corporations	EU	World Trade Organization	Good transportation network	D
41	National sports teams, flags, national anthems, and national holidays all promote	nationalism.	sectarianism.	political unrest.	functional disputes.	A
42	The process whereby immigrants learn the values, language, and customs of their new country is called	assimilation.	acculturation.	adaptation.	amalgamation.	B
43	On which of the following can one most accurately depict true geographical distance, true direction, true size, and true shape?	A Mercator projection	A globe	A conic projection	A gnomonic projection	B
44	Which of the following could be considered a higher-order central place function?	Winn-Dixie grocery store	Mercedes-Benz dealership	Shoe store	Family doctor	B
45	Which geographer viewed the US urban community of the 1920s as a set of concentric rings radiating outward from a central core?	Rostow	Ravenstein	Von Thünen	Burgess	D
46	To get to school in the morning, we ALL use this as our guide:	Rand-McNally Road Atlas.	world globe.	road map.	mental map.	D
47	Of these, the map using the smallest map scale would be the map of	the world.	Atlanta, Georgia.	Main Street, Small Town, Ohio.	Pennsylvania.	A
48	An earlier boundary formed before meticulous geographic knowledge and mapping was available is known as	an antecedent boundary.	a geometric boundary.	a relict boundary.	a subsequent boundary.	A
49	Which of the following jobs is in the non-basic employment sector?	Software engineer	F-10 pickup truck assembly-line worker	Oil refinery worker	Parking lot attendant	D
50	In which of the following regions is subsistence agriculture being replaced by large-scale commercial development?	The Swiss Alps	The Amazon Basin	North Africa	The Alaskan tundra	B
51	A strong movement away from all religions is called	secularism.	heathenism.	sacrilege.	nationalism.	A
52	Regions share all of these characteristics EXCEPT	boundaries.	common features.	relative location.	easily defined.	D
53	Which of the following U.S. main immigration flow associations is NOT correct?	Pioneer settlement to 1870—Germans, British, Scotch-Irish, Africans	1870–1914—Asians	1870–1914—Eastern and southern Europeans	1965–present—Hispanics	B
54	Which one of the statements below is characteristic of most African cities?	They have thriving, clean residential areas.	There are jobs for most rural-to-urban migrants.	They have three separate business districts.	They have a well-developed infrastructure.	C
55	Which country faces a serious trade disadvantage due to its location?	Singapore	Italy	Spain	Mongolia	D
56	In which zone of Burgess's concentric zone model would one find better houses, single-family homes, and higher-rent apartments?	First	Second	Third	Fourth	C
57	The theory that every society develops economically according to a five-stage pattern of growth is attributed to	Rostow.	Ravenstein.	von Thünen.	Burgess.	A
58	Which of the following would NOT be considered a barrier to diffusion of a cultural trait?	Language	Religion	Oceans	Tolerant complaisant citizens	D
59	The process of invasion and succession is a process involving migration and is best described as when	new residents tear down and rebuild housing units.	new residents live peacefully with old residents.	new residents assimilate with old residents completely.	new residents move into areas occupied by older resident groups.	D
60	Which of the following best illustrates the definition of a functional region?	A map showing Atlanta as a hub for Delta Airlines	An article describing the region referred to as the South	A map showing North Carolina's one hundred counties	An essay explaining the region known as the Bible Belt	A
61	New stores opening around a large shopping mall reflect which concept?	Gravity concept	Distance decay	Complementarity	Movement bias	D
62	The birth of an urban industrial workforce in Europe contributed to the start of the	First Agricultural Revolution.	Second Agricultural Revolution.	Third Agricultural Revolution.	Fourth Agricultural Revolution.	B
63	Which of the following statements about East Asia's industrial regions is true?	Japan has a rich natural resource base.	China lacks natural resources but has a massive labor force.	China is industrializing rapidly.	Taiwan lacks industrial enterprise and an educated workforce.	C
64	Which of the following statements best describes the United Nations?	The UN operates a worldwide police force.	Member states surrender sovereignty to the UN.	World laws are enforced by the UN.	The UN often practices interventionism in world conflicts.	D
65	Which of the following is a formal region?	Dixie	Pennsylvania	The market area of Winn-Dixie	The Pacific Northwest	B
66	The concentration of production activities and people spatially to benefit everyone is called	the substitution principle.	deglomeration.	agglomeration.	infrastructure.	C
67	Which language family contains Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian?	European	Slavic	Germanic	Romance	D
68	Ankara, Turkey and Islamabad, Pakistan are both examples of	desert cities.	forward-thrust capitals.	old colonial capitals.	rival cities.	B
69	Which of the following is NOT an example of syncretism?	Halloween	Foreign cuisine changed to suit American tastes	Hasidic Judaism	Catholicism in Louisiana	C
70	The theory that whoever controlled the landmass of Europe would rule the world is called the	devolution theory.	domino theory.	heartland theory.	rimland theory.	C
71	Which group represents the Persian (Iranian) variation of Islam and believes in the infallibility and divine right to authority of the Imams descended from Ali?	Sunni	Shiite	Imam	Untouchables	B
72	The multiplier effect is	the addition of non-basic workers to an urban economy that has added more basic workers.	a ratio of urban to rural workers in an economy.	the ratio of city workers to farm workers in an economy.	the addition of rural jobs created by the urban economy.	A
73	The sacred book of the Hindu is called the	Talmud.	Bible.	Torah.	Veda.	D
74	Which of the following is a distinct characteristic of an East European city?	A central park	Prominent religious buildings	A large central square surrounded by government and administrative buildings	Luxury apartment buildings	C
75	Which of the following countries is actively trying to preserve the purity of their native language from contamination by English or other languages?	Italy	Russia	Japan	Brazil	C
76	Which of the following is an example of a bulk-gaining industry?	Steel	Bottled orange juice	Paper	Copper	B
77	Which of the following is NOT a feature of an export processing zone (EPZ)?	Tariff reductions on exports	Raw materials imported duty-free	Exemption from customs duties	Strict pollution regulations	D
78	Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of a state?	Independent territory	Internationally recognized	Boundaries	A national language	D
79	You are planning to move from your hometown to Pittsburgh. Along the way, you stop in Columbus, Ohio to visit a relative and fall in love with the city! You decide to stay and make Columbus your new home. This is an example of	intervening opportunity.	distance decay.	involuntary migration.	push-pull factors.	A
80	A large node of office and commercial land use outside the central city with more jobs than residents is a(n)	suburb.	primate city.	town.	edge city.	D
81	Which crop began the Third Agricultural Revolution?	Rice	Wheat	Barley	Millet	A
82	Which factor in the last quarter century greatly destabilized Eastern Europe and led to ethnic conflict?	The introduction of new languages	The end of the Cold War	The invasion by the Soviets	The acceptance of many Eastern European countries into the EU	B
83	If I wanted to ship a small piece of very valuable jewelry to my aunt who lives in Poughkeepsie, which mode of transportation makes the most sense?	Truck	Air	Ship	Railroad	B
84	Which of the following is a functional region?	Dixie	Pennsylvania	The market area of Winn-Dixie	The Pacific Northwest	C
85	Which type of city model contains a distinct residential spine proceeding outward from center city along the main boulevard?	European	Muslim	Sub-Saharan African	Latin American	D
86	What family do most European languages belong to?	Ural-Altaic	Basque	Indo-European	Phoenician	C
87	What do the terms apartheid, ethnic cleansing, and integration all have in common?	They all occurred in Nazi Germany during World War I.	They are all forms of residential segregation.	They are all ways to integrate different ethnic populations in neighborhoods.	They are different expressions for the same concept.	B
88	Which one of the statements below correctly describes immigrants living in Europe?	Most find citizenship easy to get in host countries.	Muslims immigrants from North Africa are well integrated in France.	Immigrants to European cities rarely bring their families.	They are usually restricted to certain neighborhoods.	D
89	Which of the following activities are NOT secondary economic activities?	Assembling automotive parts	Sewing shirts	Mining copper	Binding books	C
90	Johnny and Susie are moving to Scotland to renovate and live in the family castle. What makes their move a migration?	They are crossing another country's borders.	They are not taking anything with them.	They are moving permanently.	They will be gone more than one year.	C
91	Which of the following entities is a state?	Antarctica	American Samoa	Egypt	Marshall Islands	C
92	What is the most abundant fossil fuel?	Phosphate	Oil	Petroleum	Coal	D
93	A rejection of or indifference to religion in a country is called	polytheism.	animism.	secularism.	monotheism.	C
94	In a postindustrial economy, which of the following resources is considered most important to increase productivity?	Energy	Labor	Information	Specialization	C
95	A city that is more than twice as large as the next largest city in a country is called a	global city.	world leader city.	megalopolis.	primate city.	D
96	Every country with a seacoast has an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Which one of the following statements regarding the Law of the Sea and the EEZ is NOT correct?	The EEZ extends up to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the coastline.	Countries have the right to exploit natural resources in their EEZ.	Countries can exploit resources on the continental shelf extending up to 350 nautical miles (560 km) beyond their EEZ.	A country does not have the right to exploit living resources in its EEZ.	D
97	Which of the following is MOST likely to experience population pressure?	An industrial society with abundant natural resources and large imports of food	A society with a highly mechanized agricultural sector	A non-ecumene	A slash-and-burn agricultural society	D
98	Part of the boundary between the United States and Mexico is the Rio Grande, an example of	a water divider.	a watercourse.	an artificial boundary.	a natural boundary.	D
99	When we talk about diffusion of a cultural trait, what do we mean by "hearth"?	Destination	Origin point	All locations along the diffusion path	Axis point	B
100	The distance north and south of the equator is the	global grid system.	Prime Meridian	latitude.	longitude.	C
101	Why are perceptual or vernacular regions so difficult to identify?	Boundaries are constantly being redrawn.	Physical features, such as rivers, are constantly shifting.	Defining criteria are subjective and differ among researchers.	Antecedent boundaries were drawn before humans were located in the regions.	C
102	Which structure(s) traditionally occupies the center of a historic Asian city?	A central market	High-density housing	A religious building	Government office buildings	C
103	Which description best describes the urban hierarchy model in which the population of a city is inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy?	Multiplier effect	Rank-size rule	Central place theory	Burgess's sector model	B
104	Which of the following is a major concern in countries with a large and rapidly aging population?	Immunization	Adequate schools	Daycare facilities	Health care	D
105	Which of the following capital cities is located OUTSIDE the central core area of the country?	Abuja, Nigeria	Paris, France	London, United Kingdom	Cairo, Egypt	A
106	Spanish colonial architecture, uneven economic development, and rural-to-urban migration flows are most commonly found in which of the following?	Southeast Asia	Sub-Saharan Africa	North America	Latin America	D
107	The purpose for the creation of NATO was to	defend North America and Western Europe against the threat of communism.	form an economic alliance for trade between Europe and North America.	defend Europe against a second Nazi invasion.	defend northern Europe against Chinese missiles.	A
108	Which of the following is NOT a key milestone reached by the EU?	The introduction of a common currency used by many EU countries	A customs union	A single market	A common European language	D
109	The use and spread of English in nineteenth-century India is an example of what type of diffusion?	Stimulus	Contagious	Hierarchal	Relocation	C
110	The theory that most migration occurs over a short distance and in steps is attributed to	Rostow.	Ravenstein.	von Thünen.	Burgess.	B
111	The way of life based on breeding and herding of animals that are used as a source of food, shelter, and clothing is called	swidden.	subsistence farming.	pastorialism.	hunting and gathering.	C
112	The European Union (EU) replaced which of the following organizations?	NATO	EEC	UN	ASEAN	B
113	The attempt by core countries to stimulate increased agricultural production in the periphery through use of technology, hybrid seed, and fertilizers is called the	First Agricultural Revolution.	Second Agricultural Revolution.	Third Agricultural Revolution.	Green Revolution.	D
114	Shifting cultivation is most often practiced in	alpine tundra.	tropical forests.	flood plains.	deserts.	B
115	The migration streams into the United States between 1980 and the present have been primarily composed of emigrants from which of the following regions?	Europe and North Africa	Asia and Latin America	Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania	Central Europe and Australia	B
116	Which one of the following North American associations is NOT correct?	Southeast—African Americans	Oklahoma and the Southwest—Native Americans	Quebec and northern Maine—French Americans and French Canadians	Southern prairie provinces—African Americans	D
117	Which of the following countries is NOT a federal state?	Canada	United States	France	People's Republic of China	C
118	Which of the following world regions is NOT considered one of the world's most densely populated regions?	South Asia	Europe	South America	Northeast United States	C
119	Olives, grapes, and chickpeas are staple crops of which type of farming?	Pastoral nomadism	Subsistence	Plantation	Mediterranean	D
120	A person who practices the Hindu religion would be most likely to	visit a shrine built on the shore of a lake.	pray five times a day.	bathe in the Ganges River.	make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.	C
121	The language with the largest number of "speakers" is	English.	Russian.	Spanish.	Mandarin Chinese.	D
122	Which one of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the Green Revolution?	It changed centuries-old methods of farming.	It was an attempt to feed a growing world population.	It centered on increased rice, wheat, and maize yields.	It greatly improved crop yields in sub-Saharan Africa.	D
123	Historically, the world's major languages have spread by all of the following methods EXCEPT	Sanskrit records.	migration.	trade.	conquest.	A
124	A primate city is	a large city located on the periphery of the country.	the most important city in a country.	when the largest city in a country is more than twice the size of the next largest city.	the largest city in a country.	C
125	Which of the following factors would be considered a "pull" factor for Riva when considering a move from India to the United States?	Abject poverty	Better job and higher wages	India's caste system	Violence in her neighborhood	B
126	All of the following are reasons major cities attract young people in Latin America EXCEPT	the availability of jobs.	the potential for decent housing.	educational opportunities.	their families live there already.	D
127	Which language family is most widely spoken in North America and Europe and includes Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, and Greek?	Dravidian	Uralic-Altaic	Sino-Tibetan	Indo-European	D
128	Which theorist(s) tried to explain the prices of farm products as they relate to patterns of land use?	Rostow	Ravenstein	Von Thünen	Burgess	C
129	Which of the following is NOT a spread effect in the core-periphery model of development?	Congestion in the core	High cost of labor in the core	High density in the core	More infrastructure in the core	D
130	Which of the following is NOT an important environmental factor influencing a country's agriculture?	Number of frost-free days per year	Availability of sufficient rainfall	Reliability of sufficient rainfall	Amount of fertilizer produced in the country	D
131	Which of the following countries is situated in the region of tectonic activity known as the Pacific Ring of Fire?	Brazil	Australia	Chile	India	C
132	Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the "core" countries?	They are technologically advanced.	They are wealthy.	They are powerful.	They are less developed.	D
133	If you wanted to find the global distribution of coal, you would use a	reference map.	topographic map.	thematic map.	location map.	C
134	Which one of the following is NOT a centripetal force in a state?	A high level of confidence in central government	The existence of strong separatist groups	The existence of national transportation networks	The national anthem	B
135	The cities of Varanasi (Benares) in India and Mecca in Saudi Arabia are alike because both are	capitals of countries formerly colonized by the English	destinations for vast numbers of pilgrims	financial centers for a large fraction of the world's economy	examples of modern urban planning	B
136	China and Vietnam's dispute over the Spratley Islands is	a positional dispute.	a territorial dispute.	a resource dispute.	a functional dispute.	C
137	Which of the following is NOT used by geographers to determine absolute location?	Longitude	Latitude	Equator	Distance to the nearest city	D
138	Which of the following is a characteristic of a developed country?	Over 50% of workforce engaged in agriculture	Women held in inferior place in society	Main disease related to age and lifestyle	High birth and death rates	C
139	Mary lives in a neighborhood with stores, offices, and restaurants so close that she does not need to own a car; however, she feels she has very little privacy. This is an example of a(n)	win-win.	trade-off.	infill.	leapfrog development.	B
140	Which of the following items below is an absolute location?	10 miles east of Pittsburgh	Washington	3 degrees south	479 Elm Street, Muncie, Indiana	D
141	Which one of the following groups is excluded from the caste system of Hinduism?	Scholar-priests	Warrior-landowners	Businessmen and farmers	Untouchables	D
142	Which of the following is a push factor?	Dissatisfaction with current jobs	Higher-paying jobs elsewhere	An attractive retirement community elsewhere	A pleasant climate	A
143	The Basques, Bretons, Kashmiris, and Tamils are all examples of	regionalist groups.	separatist groups.	terrorist groups.	interventionist groups.	B
144	Which of the following factors does NOT play a role in gender relationships in a culture or society?	Biology	Advancements in technological development	Religion	Custom	A
145	The intensive agricultural practice of planting and harvesting the same crop more than once a year is called	swidden.	double cropping.	pastorialism.	intertillage.	B
146	When a new fashion design is introduced globally, the information initially travels through a process known as	contagious diffusion	relocation diffusion	innovative diffusion	hierarchical diffusion	D
147	Opponents of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food are afraid that the GMOs	will hinder global trade.	make plants more resistant to disease.	may cause irreversible changes in humans.	make plants more resistant to drought.	C
148	Which one of the following is NOT an advantage of urban agriculture?	Helping to solve the problem of solid waste disposal	Fresh produce for sale to others	Beautification of a dingy urban area	Renewed or purified water supplies	D
149	Which of the following is NOT a problem Europe currently faces today?	Rising immigration	Lack of population growth	Environmental apathy	Urban ethnic ghettos on the rise	C
150	The world systems theory divides the world into	core, periphery, and semi-periphery.	rich and poor.	developed and undeveloped.	haves and have-nots.	A
151	The majority of Kurds are found in which country?	Iran	Iraq	Turkey	Egypt	C
152	In what country are the most Basque speakers found?	Denmark	Finland	Luxembourg	Spain	D
153	The most rapidly urbanizing area of the world is:	Europe	East Asia	Sub-Saharan Africa	South Asia	C
154	The influence of neo-Malthusianism can be seen in	government programs for birth control and planning.	famine relief.	increased spending in social welfare programs.	increased total fertility rates.	A
155	The process of devolution involves	the change of government from a democracy to a communist dictatorship.	the movement of power from the central government to regional governments in the country.	the movement of power from a monarchy to a military dictatorship.	the movement of power from regional governments to central governments.	B
156	The theory that cities grow outward from a core utilizing several nodes of growth was proposed by	Rostow.	Ravenstein.	von Thünen.	Harris and Ullmann.	D
157	The theory that the main purpose of a settlement or market town is to furnish goods and services to the surrounding market area is called the	urban hierarchy theory.	central place theory.	concentric zone model.	multiplier effect.	B
158	Which one of the following statements does NOT correctly describe transnational companies (TNCs)?	Many TNCs operate in areas of electronics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and petroleum.	Most TNCs produce and sell manufactured goods.	Most TNCs are headquartered in the United States, Japan, and the European Union.	TNCs are generally controlled by foreign governments.	D
159	The "melting pot" theory of combining several immigrant groups into one mainstream culture is called	amalgamation theory.	acculturation.	ethnic islands.	ethnic clustering.	A
160	Which theory below was used as justification for US involvement in Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s?	Devolution	Colonialism	Heartland theory	Containment theory	D
161	Urban agriculture can benefit urban society in all of the following ways EXCEPT	create sustainable food systems in urban areas.	provide jobs for women and children.	turn urban waste into a resource when utilized in safe manner.	replace agribusiness as the main focus of global food production.	D
162	Which one of the following organizations is NOT a supranational organization?	UN	NATO	ASEAN	PLO	D
163	Which one of the following demographic factors characterizes stages 4 and 5 in the demographic transition model?	Zero population growth	High mortality rates	High birth rates	High sex ratios	A
164	Which of the following statements does NOT describe a factor that contributed to suburbanization in the United States?	A shorter workweek made time for a commute possible.	Changes in the housing mortgage regulations made home ownership easier.	Fixed-route public transit routes increased in importance.	Improved automobiles made transportation easier and less limited.	C
165	An isobar map shows lines connecting all points of equal	atmospheric pressure	surface temperature	elevation	precipitation	A
166	Ralph purchases garden fertilizer at the nearby garden shop rather than drive 50 miles to the neighboring town for the same product. This reflects which type of spatial interaction?	Transferability	Complementarity	Intervening opportunity	Territoriality	C
167	What type of countries generally possesses a greater variety of climates and resources than other countries?	Perforated states	Fragmented states	Elongated states	Prorupt states	C
168	Which of the following factors has little or no impact on mortality rates in the developing countries?	New medicines	Improved birth control methods	Pesticides	Famine relief	B
169	The idea that you identify with, and give allegiance, to a nation-state is	regionalism.	diffusion.	iconography.	nationalism.	D
170	What condition occurs when the people of one state want to annex a territory whose population is ethnically related to that state's population but now under the rule of another state?	Nationalism	Resource dispute	Irredentism	Positional dispute	C
171	Variations in vocabulary, pronunciation, and rhythm in a spoken language are called	syntax.	isoglosses.	lingua francas.	dialects.	D
172	Boundary problems along the United States–Mexico border are caused by which type of issue below?	Ownership of fertile ground	Land use	Irredentism	Immigration	D
173	In which country does language pose a centrifugal force?	Canada	United States	Brazil	Norway	A
174	Quebec is a strong example of which of the following situations?	Irredentism	Secession	Ethnonationalism	A colony	C
175	Which of the following items below is NOT considered a barrier to the diffusion of an innovation?	Internet	Distance	Cultural obstacles	Government interference	A
176	Change in any culture is introduced through all the following processes EXCEPT	innovation.	diffusion.	acculturation.	gravity.	D
177	Which of the following statements regarding historical North American migration streams is NOT correct?	Canada's first major migration came from France.	Canada's second major migration stream originated in the British Isles.	Canada's third major migration stream came from Latin America.	The first major migration wave to the United States originated in Europe.	C
178	A chief factor that contributed to the Second Agricultural Revolution was	the Industrial Revolution.	World War I.	World War II.	the discovery of the plow.	A
179	Zero population growth (ZPG) is achieved when	CBR – CDR 5 2.	Births 1 immigration 5 deaths 1 emigration.	Total fertility 5 3.	Replacement fertility is achieved.	B
180	In which of the following Asian countries would one find special economic zones (SEZs)?	Japan	South Korea	China	Vietnam	C
181	Which of the following industries does NOT need to be close to its markets?	Dairy foods	Bulk-gaining products	Single-market products	Bulk-reducing products	D
182	Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a city in the developing world?	Contains modern centers of commerce	Has a well-developed infrastructure	Experiences large in-migrations of rural people into the city	Produces a large share of its country's GDI	B
183	A map that presents a single class of statistics is called a	general purpose map.	thematic map.	reference map.	mental map.	B
184	The construction of freeways leads to all but which of the following results?	Urban sprawl	Traffic increase	Traffic congestion	Decreased dependency on cars	D
185	Which continent has the highest total fertility rates?	Africa	Asia	South America	Europe	A
186	What monotheistic religion is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ of Nazareth?	Islam	Christianity	Hinduism	Buddhism	B
187	Which of the following statements is true concerning folklore?	It is the written tradition of a group.	It encourages changing the old values and customs.	It serves to blend all cultures into one.	It expresses in words the shared values of a group by expressing their ideals.	D
188	The irregularity of the wet monsoon in South Asia in recent years may have a significant negative effect on which of the following?	Food production	Population patterns	Wildlife conservation efforts	Tourism	A
189	According to Alfred Weber's least-cost theory, which one of the following costs of production is the most important factor in locating an industry?	Labor	Transport	Raw materials	Agglomeration costs	B
190	The climate of Great Britain is milder than most other places along the same latitude for which of the following reasons?	The Gulf Stream brings warm waters to Great Britain, raising the temperature of winds that blow onto the island.	Hot springs throughout the country raise the temperature of the surrounding land and air.	Mountain ranges in the north of Great Britain act as a barrier to cold winds blowing from the Arctic.	Small landmasses generate their own local climate and are largely unaffected by latitude.	A
191	Which of the following supranational organizations is not an economic union?	EU	CARICOM	NAFTA	NATO	D
192	The global lingua franca is	Chinese.	English.	French.	Arabic.	B
193	What are the two major branches of Islam?	Sunni and Shinto	Shinto and Shiite	Sunni and Shiite	Shamanism and Shiite	C
194	What was the primary reason the Green Revolution did NOT help Africa much?	It targeted crops Africans don't grow and eat.	It required sophisticated machinery.	Population growth has fallen so drastically that Africans don't need the increased food production.	African agricultural production went up without its help.	A
195	The largest exporter of agricultural goods in the world is	China.	Mexico.	Chile.	the United States.	D
196	Which of the following statements is NOT part of Gunnar Myrdal's theory of cumulative causation?	Developing and developed regions share similarly in wealth through trade.	The core will always dominate the periphery.	Growth and prosperity of the core exists at the expense of the periphery.	Regions with initial advantage keep and expand it as they attract labor, capital, and trade.	A
197	Which pair of religions below share a long-held tradition of cremating their dead?	Hindu and Buddhist	Hindu and Muslim	Muslim and Jewish	Christian and Buddhist	A
198	The official languages of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana are English, Dutch, and French, respectively. On what continent are those countries located?	North America	South America	Africa	Asia	B